Nature-Versus-Nurture Discussion

Annie Murphy Paul’s article 'Child stuff: Do guardians truly matter?' plots the discoveries of a profoundly questionable investigation on the job of nature and sustain in children’s training. The article expresses that a gathering of specialists from George Washington University and the Institute of Psychiatry in London have discovered that the job of guardians is in certainty a lot littler than initially suspected. The fate of a kid relies upon the hereditary cosmetics that thus inspires reactions from the earth. Parental impacts can have little impact on the child’s demeanor. The kind of demeanor (optimistic, peevish, melancholic, and indifferent, or their mix) is innate and doesn't permit of genuine later impacts. Guardians can shape the child’s character, ingraining certain social qualities and standards, yet they can barely be relied upon to a genuine effect on the personality. Related exposition: Nature or Nurture: The Case of the Boy Who Became a Girl Answers By and large, the examination canvassed in Annie Murphy Paul’s article (1998) credits more significance to the alleged â€Å"evocative quality condition correlations†. She expresses that these relationships incorporate reactions from the earth to a specific hereditary creation. This implies an individual is in a manner â€Å"asking† for fate, utilizing the pre-decided variables to trigger an ecological response. Guardians under such a point of view just have impact since they are provoking this response, and in the degree their reactions can characterize a child’s advancement. In this regard, it is intriguing to think about parental effects on embraced kids. In such families, the hereditary cosmetics of guardians and children is totally random, and the impact of hereditary qualities could be considerably more prominent. The job of guardians regardless can comprise in alleviating the negative appearances of the child’s hereditary legacy. The more guardians can find out about the child’s hereditary qualities, the better they can be set up to build up the kid in the correct manner. Reference Paul, A.M. (1998, February). Child stuff: Do guardians truly matter? Brain research Today 31(1), pp. 46-51. Â

Compare & Contrast: Homelessness is More Appealing

A significant number of us will never be destitute, and not every person comprehends the advantage of having a spouse, yet in the wake of perusing the essays’, Homeless (Quindlen, A. n. d. ) and I Want a Wife (Brady, J. 1971), one can increase a superior comprehension of both. I am a spouse. Along these lines, I can surely interface with the narrator’s story of I Want a Wife. This is an account paper, in which the storyteller thinks about why she also might want to have a spouse after an encounter with an as of late separated from male companion, who is searching for another wife.The storyteller gives a rundown of obligations and exercises she will and won't do in the event that she had a wife, and she can imagine the advantages a wife could manage the cost of her with not so much duties but rather more time for school or companions. My other exposition of decision is very unique in subject, yet it is as yet relatable. Anne Quindlen’s article, Homeless (n. d. ) i s a short illustrative exposition with the storyteller retelling of a record when she met a lady, who she accepts is destitute, at the transport terminal. It is during the experience that the storyteller thinks about vagrants as a rule, the destitute individual and about herself.Both of these essays’ are elegantly composed, notwithstanding, I feel that Homeless (Quindlen, A. n. d. ), is a more engaging paper than I Want a Wife (Brady, J. 1971), as it permits the peruser to turn out to be progressively occupied with the depictions and think about the subtleties of the story. At whatever point I first beginning perusing any kind of writing, the principal thing I notice is the composing style of the writer and the perspective (POV) of the storyteller. Key components of the composing style for me are POV, tone, pace, and brevity whenever the situation allows. The perspective is critical to the peruser as it may not be theirs.This should make the peruser give nearer consideration to subtleties. How much believability does the storyteller offer. The tone of a story is set at the absolute starting point. The tone alongside a decent snare should catch the reader’s eye so they need to keep perusing. For me, the two articles Homeless and I Want a Wife caught my enthusiasm with the absolute first sentence. At the point when the initial sentence of an article begins with â€Å"I have a place with that order of individuals known as wives,† (I Want a Wife) that surely can grab the eye of another spouse. This initial attracted me since I needed to comprehend what she implied by this statement.The tone is set; spouses are in their very own class, and the storyteller has my consideration. Presently, she will let us know from her perspective why she needs a spouse, as well. Destitute, is comparative in that it additionally snatches the peruser just by presenting a character, area, and season in its concise opening sentence. In any case, I do believe that th is opening is more engaging than I Want a Wife. The subtleties the storyteller gives the peruser make an away from picture of the scene. Moreover, the subsequent sentence uncovers sufficiently only to keep the peruser inspired by what the storyteller needs to state, â€Å"I was doing a story on destitute people,† (Homeless, para 1).Again, the tone is set; it is January at the transport terminal where the storyteller, who is doing research on vagrants, meets such an individual, Ann. It is likewise in the main sentence we realize it is the narrator’s story as she depicts her experience and discussion with Ann. With the storyteller imparting her experience and discussion to the peruser, she has welcomed them into her story making it progressively close to home. Another comparability between these two expositions is the author’s utilization of fitting language for the material, the crowd, and the time of publication.I Want a Wife, written in 1971, was a period when the women's activist development was dynamic. Ladies were searching for correspondence in the work place yet additionally at home. The paper, distributed in the magazine Ms. , causes me to accept the writer’s unique objective crowd is that of different spouses, future wives, and any other person who understands Ms. Magazine. Her straightforward explanations, or as I like to call it, her clothing list concerning why she should had a spouse, are anything but difficult to identify with the same number of us play out these obligations consistently. In Homeless, the setting of the story, January at the transport terminal, leaves it to the reader’s creative mind of the year.The subject of the paper, vagrants, is ageless as it is has been a progressing issue for quite a long time. The language the storyteller utilizes is shortsighted yet engagingly brief. It despite everything gives enough detail to assist you with feeling associated with what the storyteller is stating. You can feel her feelings through her words. I trust her intended interest group is everybody. As the storyteller states, â€Å"[We] stroll around it when it is lying on the walkway or sitting in the transport terminalâ€the issue, that is. † She is playing upon the reader’s feelings by bringing up what number of individuals disregard the issue in any event, when we encounter it at times.I feel this exposition can rise above time due to the particular enlightening words the writer uses to draw in the peruser. Likewise, until vagrancy gets out of date, this will be an issue society will keep on talking about. I don't accept the equivalent can be said about I Want a Wife. Perusing this article presently appears to be superfluous in 2013, though in 1971, this was a reality for certain spouses. While I discovered the two articles elegantly composed and share comparative key components recorded as a hard copy style and proper language, I discovered Homeless, to be an all the more engaging read.The subject of the paper, vagrants, is a present issue we keep on looking in the public arena today, which makes it progressively relatable to the peruser. It makes the peruser utilize their creative mind, basic reasoning abilities, and think about a fairly delicate theme. I think the subject of I need a Wife, is proper for the period it was composed, yet it doesn't generally apply to today’s families. The structure of the family has changed significantly over the most recent forty years. Never again is it the standard for the spouse to be the one to bear the entirety of the family responsibility.In a greater number of families than not, it is presently a common duty. Despite the fact that Judy Brady’s article can make the peruser consider how life was for spouses during that period, it doesn't generally accommodate our general public today. Perusing the paper now, it appears to be to a greater degree a joke than the women's activist articulation it was of 1971. Another engaging part of Homeless is the portrayal and detail the storyteller employments. She makes visual pictures with her words that catch and connect with the peruser. A portion of the visual pictures that were noteworthy to me are the depiction of Ann, her photograph, and the narrator’s own fierceness for the love of her own home.The narrator’s portrayal of the grime that wrinkles Ann’s packs and overcoat give you an away from of her appearance. The portrayal of the yellow house in the photograph, â€Å"with the aluminum siding and a steel fence, a limited carport approaching a one-vehicle carport, and a fix of backyard,† (Homeless para 2) gives the peruser a particular picture of the house. It is through these portrayals that I have a superior comprehension of both the characters and their point of view of homeless.I Want a Wife, while elegantly composed and engaging, it didn't speak to my passionate side like Homeless. I felt just as the storyteller was giving us her clothing list and doing as such with no feeling. She doesn't welcome the peruser into the story, as the structure is confused and disorderly. What's more, she frequently rehashes herself all through the paper, which makes it hard to get an away from of any one idea as she moves rapidly starting with one thought then onto the next. Each article has comparative key components of composing style and fitting language.They both catch their focused on crowd with imaginative presentations that maneuver the peruser into the story. The authors’ utilization of straightforward articulations and depictions take into account simple perusing and comprehension of the subject, anyway I accept that Homeless was progressively fruitful in drawing in the reader’s faculties. Anna Quindlen utilized explicit depictions and subtleties to bring the peruser into her story. Her subject is one that everybody comprehends; for what it's worth, still an issue societ y faces today. She offers to our feelings and makes the peruser consider their own life and those influenced by it.

Who Are the Plagiarism Police

Who Are the Plagiarism Police I teach college freshman how to write essays.  When I started doing this a few years ago, I wasn’t a big fan of Turnitin.com. I hadn’t liked it as a grad student, but that was because, as far as one of my professors was concerned, its word was law.  I learned how to use it, though, following a semester-long battle with plagiarism. I ended up catching most of the offenders with simple Google searches, but it took time.  When I did decide to make use of the Turnitin subscription that our school has, it caught most of the same stuff and it did it a lot faster than I did. I was sold. When it was revealed last week that Q.R. Markham had lifted material from at least 12 different sources and constructed a novel from it, I was reminded of my students.  The ones that I caught that first semester had done something similar, picking sentences (or even whole paragraphs) from multiple websites and weaving them into their lazy attempts at coherent essays.  The fact that Markham’s book actually made it to the shelves is proof that he did a pretty decent job on that front. I spent most of the week wondering if he would come out and say that it took skill to do what he did (that’s the line that one of my students tried), but, to his credit, he’s staying pretty quiet. After following along as Edward Champion identified at least a dozen specific examples of plagiarized material in the first 35 pages of text, I found myself wondering how he had the patience to go through all of that. Then I wondered why someone hadn’t gone through it before. What do people in the publishing world do to make sure that what they are publishing is original? It seems that there is an honor system in place, and that that, unless it’s a book on science, is all.  But is the honor system enough? There is a “professional” version of Turnitin.com called “iThenticate,” and two major publishers do make use of it as a tool to check their nonfiction texts (presumably) for originality and proper attribution. The primary argument against such a program for use with works of fiction is that there is just too much out there. Creating a searchable database would take too long.  In the age of the ebook and sites like Project Guttenberg, however, there is already a sizeable digital library. It just needs to be put in one place.  Publishers could add new manuscripts as they were acquired, and the database would continue to grow from there.  Obviously, it would have to be an industry-only tool, and full manuscripts would have to protected from the competition.  Even on Turnitin, I can’t see another student’s paper without first requesting access from his/her professor. Ideally, there would never be a need for a tool like this.  Writers would be honorable and they would only submit work that was one-hundred percent original. As Markham’s example has shown us, however, that is not always the case. Plagiarism checking software may be the easiest way to avoid a mistake as costly as publishing Markham’s novel is proving to be. What are your thoughts?  Is this an avenue that publishers should investigate?

Review of Mairs Autobiography Entitled, On Being a...

â€Å"On Being a Cripple† is placed under the genre of autobiography because it focuses on a significant personal experience in Mairs’ past and draws out the meaning as she tells her story and reflects on her experiences. The key factors of an autobiographical essay include dramatic events or episodes, vivid details and narration, and an interweaving of narration with reflection on and interpretation of the essayist’s experiences (Norton xxvii). This essay focuses on Mairs’ experiences and personal struggles with multiple sclerosis. Nancy Mairs was born in Long Beach, California in 1943. Throughout her life, Mairs has experienced numerous physical and emotional struggles. Mairs was hospitalized for six months in a state mental†¦show more content†¦She will name herself, â€Å"I am a cripple. I choose this word to name me† (Mairs 59). In choosing this word she has represented her reality in a way that empowers her. â€Å"I want them to see me as a tough customer, one to whom the fates/gods/viruses have not been kind, but who can face the brutal truth of her existence squarely. As a cripple, I swagger (Mairs 60). Mairs describes the uncertainty of an incorrect diagnosis of a brain tumor, followed by a correct diagnosis of multiple sclerosis a year and a half later. She tells of the physical changes that came on slowly, and how they led to forced changes in her routines and ultimately her way of thinking. Yet through these hardships a sense of humor is persistent in her writing. She tells of an afternoon out with a friend in which she trips and falls, flat and hard, onto the asphalt, interrupting her friend’s story in mid-sentence. This may not be something most people would find entertaining, but Mairs does, citing that humor is important in any life threatening illness. She describes her dependence on her family and how unusual it is to have a successful marriage and family even after her illness had taken root . She discusses her need for assistance and her hatred of it as well. Tugging at the fringes of my consciousness always is the terror that people are kind to me only because Im a cripple (Mairs 64). Mairs balances this by explaining that

Outrageous College Essay Samples Tips

Outrageous College Essay Samples Tips Vital Pieces of 2016 College Essay Samples There are lots of solutions to your essay writing needs on the web but some are much better than others. You may find handwriting samples from celebrities, entire books at no cost, how-to guides and a whole lot more. In case you have some troubles with uploading, do not be afraid to write us via chat. Perhaps you are reluctant to find help because you were once conned by means of a scam on-line help. A History of 2016 College Essay Samples Refuted The very first suggestion is to explain why you're appropriate for education in that certain institution. Another tip is to simply downplay the undesirable grades by your college admission essay. There are lots of things you can do to boost your odds of obtaining a scholarship and writing a scholarship essay is just one of it. Possessing a very clear and structured plan is the foundation for any fantastic bit of writing, and a college essay is not any different. Even though most colleges may not consider approaches to lower the expenses of college, there are several ways a decrease tuition and general price is possible. One very simple, tempting choice is to use college essays samples. A History of 2016 College Essay Samples Refuted Let's say that you're writing an essay on The important causes of Road Accidents in your City, it's obvious you're going to develop a few points. Sit down, consider the story you would like to write. The author starts with a rather comprehensive story of an event or description of an individual or place. Thus, State University isn't only the ideal spot for me, it is the sole spot for me. Gradesaver stipulates the essays. You obtain a p review of your essay and ask to produce corrections if necessary. Bear in mind, the new SAT uses articles from a myriad of publications. Since you may read articles from the exact same sources the SAT gets material from. 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It could be difficult sometimes, especially whenever you're having difficulty finding inspiration to write. The man is likely to forget some points. Schools want shaped individuals involved with something larger than themselves. An important key to acceptance into college programs relies on generally excellent scores on at least one of these tests. In the current society, the thought of a university education has become less of an option and more of a required requirement and is normally considered the only means to acquire a thriving career and life. For many students, it simply sounds too fantastic to be true. The cost of an essay depends upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Furthermore, the author utilizes some exceptional imagery in his essay. Or you're able to view 18 essays all on a single page. Stephen's essay is rather effective. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. Throwing in different accomplishments which don't really relate to the subject of your essay is very likely to detract from your general essay, and admissions committees will see through it. When writing an essay, you will need to show that you're worthy of the scholarship.

We’ve Had Enough of NAFTA Perspectives in Withdrawing Our Membership Free Essays

After 14 years of existence, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has still yet to prove its worth as an effective regional trade bloc. As an avenue to promote free trade and globalization, NAFTA has been much criticized for its inability meet the objectives and levels of political and economic integration. In this case, the debate of whether the United States should withdraw its membership in the NAFTA or not will enable us to assess the viability of this regional trade bloc in the age of globalization. We will write a custom essay sample on We’ve Had Enough of NAFTA: Perspectives in Withdrawing Our Membership or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was in December 1992 that the leaders of Canada, Mexico, and the United States have given their nods to draft the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (OAS, 2008). Approved in the US Congress in 1994, NAFTA the agreement went into effect 1 January 1994 (OAS, 2008). The main goal of NAFTA is to build a framework for North American countries to ease out the trade barriers in order to promote a steady flow of exported and imported goods in the area. Aside from allaying the barriers that hamper trade among the three countries, NAFTA also aims to achieve â€Å"greater openness in the trade of services and in foreign investment†. Another important purpose of NAFTA is to permit â€Å"the three countries to cooperate and coordinate on environmental and labor issues† (Jones, 2003). However, problems began to arise when environmental and labor concerns in this agreement became convoluted. Critics began to scoff NAFTA to be promoting inequality to the region. It is also revealed later that there are trade policies that are questionable that could be proven to be detrimental in the long term perspective. In the globalizing world, it is but logical that most trade groups contain countries in the same area of the world to offer trade agreements, like NAFTA, to obtain mutual benefits. Yeung et al. (1999) offered these reasons why countries form regional trading blocs: 1. Economic Development. Many countries attempt to achieve economic growth by creating their own industries and by embracing a policy of imports substitution. However, many industries encounter problems related to limited domestic markets and the inability to achieve economies of scale. Under these circumstances, many countries pool their resources and create larger markets by integrating their economies. 2. Managing Trade Regionally. Many countries regarded global trade institutions as too bureaucratic and slow in responding to both trade opportunities and trade problems. As organizations expand their membership, they tend to become less responsive to their members, ideological differences proliferate, negotiations take forever, and reaching consensus is often very difficult. Neighboring countries usually have similar cultures and philosophical outlooks. The smaller group can respond faster than the global groups to problems and trade opportunities. 3. Economic Competition. Countries can become far more economically prosperous by forming trade blocs. European countries, for example, viewed economic integration as a way to stimulate trade in Europe. But Europeans also believed that economic growth in Europe would enhance their ability to compete with the United States and Japan. 4. Political and Strategic Considerations. Although trade appears to be the primary reason for economic integration, many countries form trade blocs for political and security reasons. NAFTA reflected a trade-policy response to the regionalization of capitalist competition at a global level. Content rule, tariff reduction schedules, and other NAFTA provisions are designed to favor its members. Premised on an improved capacity to export commodities produced under low-cost conditions in Mexico into the high-price consumer markets of North America, Western Europe, and Japan, NAFTA is an attempt to reclaim economic power in a capitalist world system. Petras and Morley (1995) argue that â€Å"NAFTA is the centerpiece of a new economic strategy †¦ which Washington hopes to use as a springboard for its reemergence as a more competitive player in the world market† (p. 128–129). Moreover, Olson (2005) indicated that NAFTA promised a â€Å"win-win† scenario for Mexico and the United States because having it would mean more jobs and increased wealth, which in turn would bring greater stability to the area and lessen migratory pressures. Indeed, it is undeniable that NAFTA has brought about the sharp expansion of regional trade and investment in the region. From 1993 through 2004, â€Å"US merchandise exports to and imports from Mexico have increased by 166 and 290 percent, respectively† (Hufbauer 2005, p. xxxvii). As Mexico is burdened with gargantuan debt, they regarded this trade agreement with the United States as an essential step in achieving economic development. The United States desired to maintain stability in Mexico and saw abundant and inexpensive Mexican labor as beneficial to U.S. companies that were anxious to gain a competitive advantage over the Japanese and Europeans. Canada, wanting to retain its favorable trading relationship with the United States, viewed economic integration in North America as a way of countering U.S. dominance of the Americas (Vega-Canovas 1999, p. 230). However, NAFTA could not go unfazed without mudslinging from several critics. Jubasz (2004) revealed that the most reliable data available demonstrated how economic globalization of trade like NAFTA has caused the most dramatic increase in global inequality and poverty in modern history. Globalization of trade had only benefited the countries with bigger economies to dominate over economically-challenged countries. The policies of economic globalization such as free trade, financial liberalization, deregulation, reduced government spending, and privatization had concentrated wealth at the top. It had tried to removed from Third World governments and communities the very tools needed to ensure equity and to protect workers, social services, the environment, and sustainable livelihoods. In this way, economic globalization and its institutions—including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the World Trade Organization (WTO, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), have created the most dramatic increase in global inequality—both within and between nations—in modern history and have increased global poverty. More specifically, NAFTA has been accused to have caused the environmental degradation in Mexico.   Gallagher (2007) observed that â€Å"rises in income have been small and environmental degradation has been large† in Mexico since the NAFTA was established. Costly environment degradation is slowly eating away the natural resources because the proper mechanisms were not put in place to help Mexico manage its economic growth in an environmentally sustainable manner. To keep at pace with NAFTA, Mexico doubled spending on environmental protection and started a much-needed industrial environmental inspection program. However, shortly after NAFTA was signed and fiscal and financial woes set in, attention to the environment are totally ignored. Moreover, labor issues had rocked NAFTA in the 1990s. It had been an issue during Ross Perot’s presidential bid against Clinton and famous claim of an impending â€Å"giant sucking sound† helped frame the political debate, but also alluded to important economic trends that affected them all. Fact is that Mexicans complain of the devastating impact it has had on small farmers in Mexico after being integrated in NAFTA. Dugger (2003) reported that the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a research institute in Washington, D.C. filed a report concluding that NAFTA failed to generate substantial job growth in Mexico, hurt hundreds of thousands of subsistence farmers there, and had miniscule net effects on jobs in the United States. Income inequality is greater and illegal immigration continues unabated (p. A9). The World Bank, on the other hand, found that NAFTA brought significant economic and social benefits to Mexico and argued that Mexico would have been worse off without the agreement (Dugger 2003, p. A9). Clearly, there is a big problem with the level of integration among the United States, Canada, and Mexico in NAFTA as compared to that achieved by the European Union. NAFTA, unlike the EU, does not provide for the free movement of people across borders. NAFTA countries pursue their own independent trade, foreign, domestic, and defense policies. Compared with the Europeans, who have given up some aspects of national sovereignty in exchange for European political and economic unification, NAFTA members jealously guard their sovereignty. In this case, there should be strong reforms needed in the NAFTA trade policies to make it more favorable for Mexico. If unfair regulation persists and environmental concerns are still ignored, it is high time that United States should withdraw its membership from the NAFTA because it does not bring the greater good that it promises for the region. Works Cited Dugger, Celia W. Report Finds Few Benefits for Mexico in NAFTA, New York Times, 19 November 2003, A9. Gallagher, Kevin P. In Mexico, Free Trade Has Led to Large-Scale Environmental Degradation. In Miller, D. (Ed). Current Controversies: Globalization. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007 Hufbauer, Gary Clyde. NAFTA Revisited : Achievements and Challenges, Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2005. Jubasz, Antonia. â€Å"Globalization Is Making World Poverty Worse.† In Balkin, K. (ed.), Poverty. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Olson, Eric L.  Divided states of the Americas: human rights and democracy in Latin America: a progress report.  Sojourners Magazine  35.3  (March 2006):  28-34. Organization of American States (OAS). NAFTA. 6 February 2007. http://www-old.itcilo.org/actrav/actrav-english/telearn/global/ilo/blokit/nafta.htm. Petras, James, and Morley, Morris. Empire or Republic: American Global Power and Domestic Decay. New York: Routledge, 1995. Vega-Canovas, Gustavo. â€Å"NAFTA and the EU: Toward Convergence?† in Yeung et al. (Eds.). Regional Trading Blocks in the Global Economy, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1999. Yeung, May T., Perdikis, Nicholas and Kerr, William A. (Eds.). Regional Trading Blocks in the Global Economy; Cheltenham, UK: Edward How to cite We’ve Had Enough of NAFTA: Perspectives in Withdrawing Our Membership, Essay examples

Merger nd acquisition conclusion free essay sample

One size doesnt fit all. Many companies find that the best way to get ahead is to expand ownership boundaries through mergers and acquisitions. For others, separating the public ownership of a subsidiary or business segment offers more advantages. At least in theory, mergers create synergies and economies of scale, expanding operations and cutting costs. Investors can take comfort in the idea that a merger will deliver enhanced market power. By contrast, de-merged companies often enjoy improved operating performance thanks to redesigned  management incentives. Additional capital can fund growth organically or through acquisition. Meanwhile, investors benefit from the improved information flow from de-merged companies. MA comes in all shapes and sizes, and investors need to consider the complex issues involved in MA. The most beneficial form of equity structure involves a complete analysis of the costs and benefits associated with the deals. Lets recap what we learned in this tutorial. We will write a custom essay sample on Merger nd acquisition conclusion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A merger can happen when two companies decide to combine into  one entity or when one company buys another. An acquisition always involves the purchase of one company by another. The functions of synergy allow for the enhanced cost efficiency of a new entity made from two smaller ones synergy is the logic behind mergers and acquisitions. Acquiring companies use various methods to value their targets. Some of these methods are based on comparative ratios such as the P/E and P/S ratios replacement cost or discounted cash flow analysis. An MA deal can be executed by means of a cash transaction, stock-for-stock transaction or a combination of both. A transaction struck with stock is not taxable. Break up or de-merger strategies can provide companies with opportunities to raise additional equity funds, unlock hidden shareholder value and sharpen management focus. De-mergers can occur by means of divestitures, carve-outs spinoffs or tracking stocks. Mergers can fail for many reasons including a lack of management foresight, the inability to overcome practical challenges and loss of revenue momentum from a neglect of day-to-day operations.